• Finally we seeded both cells isolated using the

  2018-10-22

  

  Finally, we seeded both VX765 isolated using the direct attachment and the time-gradient attachment for 72h respectively into PLGA porous scaffolds and transplanted both constructs with cells respectively into the calvarial defects of rat to analyze their xenogenic reconstruction potentials. At 20w

• In the present study we used an in vitro model

  2018-10-22

  

  In the present study, we used an in vitro model system to observe the changes of phenotypic fate of astrocytes under different treatments. These data indicate that the elevation of Shh production in mechanically-insulted astrocytes plays a crucial role in the de-differentiation of astrocyte as Shh b

• orexin Currently there is limited information on the stabili

  2018-10-22

  

  Currently, there is limited information on the stability of the mitochondrial genome during expansion of adult cells. A very limited number of studies have reported the detection of mutations in the mtDNA of human colonic crypt stem orexin as well as in adult and embryonic primate stem cells (Taylo

• br Introduction Stem cell divisions resulting in alternative

  2018-10-22

  

  Introduction Stem cell divisions resulting in alternative pathways of self-renewal or differentiation require very distinctive epigenetic regulation of gene expression from the same genome. Where division has a symmetrical output of progeny cells, the assumption is that the molecular signatures d

• br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments We thank

  2018-10-22

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments We thank Richard Davis, Stefan Braam, and Dorien Ward for advice and protocols for the spin EB differentiation method, and for discussions about the data. We also thank Arie Verkerk for help with manuscript preparation, and David Hood (York University,

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Introd

  2018-10-22

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Introduction Just as the circulatory system provides nourishment to support tissue and organ function, the larger blood vessels themselves require access to a blood supply to maintain vascular health. The vasa vasorum (Latin: “vessels of the vess

• After co culture USSCs adjust their differentiation capaciti

  2018-10-22

  

  After co-culture USSCs adjust their differentiation capacities to the stromal cell lines used in the experiments. The USSCs revealed HOX gene expression and an adipogenic differentiation potential. As an adaption to the CDSC type could be revealed in vitro, a molecular switching of osteogenesis vers

• In order to determine whether the neonatal

  2018-10-20

  

  In order to determine whether the neonatal mammalian heart harbors any significant regenerative capacity, we recently developed a surgical model of cardiac injury in 1-day-old neonatal mice (Fig. 1) (Porrello et al., 2011a). Following amputation of a portion of the ventricular apex comprising approx

• The first initiating event that starts

  2018-10-20

  

  The first initiating event that starts the process of tumorigenesis must originate in a healthy cell. It is possible that this healthy cell may not be a stem cell (O\'Brien et al., 2007). However, given any cell of a healthy self-renewing tissue, the number of divisions that separates this cell from

• br Material and methods br

  2018-10-20

  

  Material and methods Results Quiescent cells can be identified in vivo by virtue of their ability to retain label. Historically, this was achieved by treating animals with nucleotide analogues, for example 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) or tritiated thymidine, that are incorporated into DNA du

• Runx also controls the proliferation and neuronal differenti

  2018-10-20

  

  Runx1 also controls the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of certain neural progenitor cell populations. In embryonic olfactory bulb progenitor cells in vivo, as well as in cultures of either embryonic olfactory progenitor cells or embryonic cortical NSPCs, Runx1 increases cell proliferatio

• Although the central nervous system is relatively immunotole

  2018-10-20

  

  Although the central nervous system is relatively immunotolerant (Barker and Billingham, 1977) and human fetus-derived NS/PCs and hESC-derived NS/PCs (hESC-NS/PCs) showed weak immunogenicity (Odeberg et al., 2005; Åkesson et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2013a), no studies to date have investigated the ext

• Unlike these previous methods the

  2018-10-20

  

  Unlike these previous methods, the 3S reprogramming system generates partially reprogrammed iPSCs in a reproducible and predictable manner by regulating the amount of KLF4. These apigenin resume reprogramming upon increased KLF4 expression and therefore are not aberrantly reprogrammed but have paus

• There are two major repair methods for DSB damage

  2018-10-20

  

  There are two major repair methods for DSB damage repair, namely HRR and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). HRR results in error-free repair, but NHEJ sometimes leads to errors. During HRR, DSB damage repair uses a template containing hundreds of harmine hydrochloride pairs of sequence homology, and

• br Results br Discussion Abnormally elevated levels of BMP

  2018-10-20

  

  Results Discussion Abnormally elevated levels of BMP2 were specifically detected in luminal breast tumors but produced by tumor microenvironment and not by cancer hepititis b themselves as reported in leukemia (Gerber et al., 2013; Laperrousaz et al., 2013). Chronic exposure to BMP2 in the pr

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