• The CLC proteins in Arabidopsis have been studied in

  2020-12-02

  

  The CLC proteins in Arabidopsis have been studied in some detail, and a total of seven genes (named AtCLCa-AtCLCg) have been identified (Lv et al., 2009). It is interesting that AtCLCa-AtCLCd and AtCLCg define a distinct phylogenetic branch that is closely related to eukaryotic CLCs, while the other

• In mouse lung arsenite enhances the formation

  2020-12-02

  

  In mouse lung, arsenite enhances the formation of cigarette smoke-induced 8-oxodeoxyguanine (Hays et al., 2006) and BaP-induced DNA adducts (Evans et al., 2004). Moreover, arsenite inhibits the repair of BaP-induced DNA adducts in human lung carcinoma A549 TAK-242 (Schwerdtle et al., 2003), indicat

• In S cerevisiae Mek a paralog of the checkpoint

  2020-12-02

  

  In S. cerevisiae, Mek1, a paralog of the checkpoint kinase Chk2, mediates cell-cycle arrest in response to meiotic defects (Bailis and Roeder, 2000, Xu et al., 1997). Mek1 is associated with meiotic chromosome axes, where its activation requires interactions with two other axis proteins, Hop1 and Re

• Taking all the data together we

  2020-12-02

  

  Taking all the data together, we propose the possible mechanism of glyphosate-induce cell proliferation via estrogen receptor signaling (Fig. 10). Glyphosate may bind to ERα followed by an activation step that starts with the phosphorylation of ERα and activation of other signaling proteins by phosp

• We further analyzed the transcriptional mechanisms underlyin

  2020-12-02

  

  We further analyzed the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the synergistic action of IL-23 and PGE2 and found that this action is mediated by not only STAT3 but also CREB1 and NF-κB. Involvement of CREB1 is analogous to that in the PGE2-EP2/EP4–mediated Il12rb2 induction during TH1 cell different

• The preceding results show no association between the EP

  2020-12-02

  

  The preceding results show no association between the EP1 gene polymorphisms and suicide completers in the Japanese population. Impulsive aggression is one of the most important risk factors for suicide especially in the younger generation (Brent et al., 2002, Melhem et al., 2007). EP1 knockout mice

• The prospects of the use of this novel approach

  2020-12-02

  

  The prospects of the use of this novel approach for the selective local thermo-activation of enzymes include biomedical and biotechnological applications. As NPs could be engineered to gain access to Amphotericin B through the endosomal compartment [47] or through non-endocytotic pathways [48], [49

• The endothelin receptor type B EDNRB belongs to

  2020-12-02

  

  The endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, which functions as a vital regulatory factor in signal transduction in cells, locating on human chromosome 13q22.3 (Ayala-Valdovinos et al., 2016; Bregar et al., 2018; Morimoto et al., 2018; Widowati et al.,

• br Results br Discussion CCA is

  2020-12-02

  

  Results Discussion CCA is a fatal tumor originating from the intrahepatic bile duct and the prognosis is very poor (Hoyos et al., 2018). CCA is one of the most dangerous primary liver malignant tumors and the most common malignant tumor of the biliary tract worldwide. However, the underlying m

• In the absence of ligand RNA CARD of RIG

  2020-12-01

  

  In the absence of ligand RNA, 2CARD of RIG-I is masked by the intramolecular interaction with the helicase domain, showing auto-repressed state [33], [34]. But upon viral RNA binding, 2CARD of RIG-I is exposed to interact with the CARD domain of MAVS (also known as Cardif, IPS-1 or VISA) on mitochon

• br Introduction Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiqui

  2020-12-01

  

  Introduction Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins is one of the most common and important regulatory mechanisms in biology (Finley et al., 2004, Pickart, 2004). Ubiquitination is carried out by an enzymatic cascade consisting of three steps. In the first step, ubiquitin i

• br Activity based probes br Characterization of coronavirus

  2020-12-01

  

  Activity-based probes Characterization of coronavirus-encoded DUBs with activity-based probes To study the activity of specific DUBs, investigators frequently take advantage of the ~10kDa (monoUb or Ubl ABP) or ~20kDa (DiUb ABP) increase in MW on probe labeling. SDS-PAGE analysis or blotting f

• DNA bound Ku proteins recruit DNA

  2020-12-01

  

  DNA-bound Ku proteins recruit DNA-PKcs; and thereby translocate into the duplex by one helical turn, leaving DNA-PKcs near the DNA terminus to assist in tethering the broken ends together [25]. In addition to keeping the DSBs in close proximity, DNA-PKcs may prevent exonucleolytic degradation of the

• br Results br Discussion C is related to another

  2020-12-01

  

  Results Discussion C4 is related to another VACV protein, C16, and the C-terminal domain of C16 also inhibits DNA-PK-mediated DNA sensing via the same mechanism and to a similar level as C4. Moreover, mutagenesis of C16 at the CYC residues equivalent to those in C4 abrogated the C16-Ku interac

• Primases are classified into two major groups first the DnaG

  2020-12-01

  

  Primases are classified into two major groups: first, the DnaG primases, found in bacteria and bacteriophages, and second, the archaeoeukaryotic primases. Remarkably, bacterial and archaeoeukaryotic primases have no structural similarity and, presumably, evolved independently (Leipe et al., 1999). T

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